In recent years scientists have recorded a clear trend towards an increase in so-called marine heatwaves — prolonged periods during which sea water temperature remains significantly above its usual values. Data from global studies show that the frequency of these events has increased by more than 50 percent since the 1980s, and their duration is also growing.
In the Black Sea these processes have a direct impact on the ecosystems. Rising temperatures are changing the distribution of fish species — some migrate to cooler waters, while others decline in numbers. This creates an imbalance in food chains and puts pressure on the entire marine environment.
Heat stress also affects marine ecosystems as a whole. Prolonged warming reduces oxygen levels in the water, making it harder for many organisms to survive. At the same time, conditions develop that favour harmful algal blooms and other unwanted phenomena that further worsen the condition of the sea.
One of the most serious effects is linked to the decline in biodiversity. Sensitive species fail to adapt to rapid temperature changes, leading to their disappearance or displacement from the ecosystem. This weakens the resilience of the Black Sea and makes it more vulnerable to other environmental pressures.
These processes are part of the broader picture of climate change. Despite their global nature, their impact is clearly evident at the regional level, including in the Black Sea. This calls for targeted action based on scientific data and coordination between institutions and organisations.
Monitoring marine ecosystems and implementing effective measures to protect biodiversity are key to limiting the negative effects. Early detection of change allows for a better response and more sustainable management of marine resources.
Learn more: https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/10/2383
